First-order derivatives: n additional function calls are needed. Second-order derivatives based on gradient calls, when the "grd" module is specified (Dennis and Schnabel 1983): n additional gradient ...
Abstract: To explore the anisotropic nature and improve computational efficiency, eigenvalue (EV-) analysis is adopted to implement the transfer matrix method (TMM), abbreviated as EV-TMM, enabling ...
Abstract: Recommender systems are essential in digital services for helping users find relevant items. One of the main challenges faced by these systems is the problem of sparsity, where limited ...
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