Clock signals provide reference timing to every integrated circuit and electrical system. Consumer applications typically use simple quartz crystals for reference clock generation. Other applications, ...

Phase-Locked Loops (PLLs) are commonly used to perform a variety of clock processing tasks, such as clock frequency multiplication and clock deskewing. PLLs, like many other analog IP macros, come ...

The performance of analogue phase-locked loops (PLLs) has steadily improved with operating frequencies extending to 8GHz and beyond. Recently, digital PLLs based on direct digital synthesis (DDS) have ...

Editor's Note: Although the primary target market for the 86100CU-400 application presented below is for ASIC/SoC designs, I'm assured by the folks at Agilent that this application is also applicable ...

A PLL (phase-locked loop) is perhaps the most widely used analog circuit in SOCs (system-on-a-chip). Almost all SOCs with a clock rate over 30MHz use a PLL for frequency synthesis. Most SOCs use more ...

Behavioral modeling and simulation of a PLL based integer n frequency synthesizer has been illustrated in this paper. The synthesizer generates a signal of 5.15-5.25GHz in the UNII (Unlicensed ...

The high-speed serial interface signals supporting today's computer and communications systems are too fast for most general-purpose test equipment. For example, PCI Express operates at a 2.5-GHz bit ...

Microwave frequency generation has posed significant challenges to engineers over the years, requiring in-depth knowledge of analog, digital, and radio frequency (RF) and microwave ...