Feedback-control schemes for linear systems have been around since at least the 17 th century, regulating pressure and distance between millstones and then, famously, to control James Watt’s steam ...

In the past few years, the pitch on digital control of switching regulators has been rising steadily. In a typical analog implementation, a pulse-width-modulated (PWM) switching regulator is built ...

In the nearly 40 years since electronic control systems first became common features of industrial machines, controls theory has necessarily evolved to keep pace with machine design. Early on, systems ...